A Summary On Operations Management - 3773 Words

Just in Time Operations Management-2 Project Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 JIT INTRODUCTION 2 JIT ELEMENTS 2 Positive attitude towards workforce 3 Use of modern computers and automation 3 Customer Awareness 4 GOAL AND BENEFITS OF JUST IN TIME 4 LIMITATION AND DISADVANTAGES 4 JIT PHILOSOPHY 5 IMPLEMENTATION OF JIT 6 METHODOLOGY 6 Reduction of Set-up time 6 Reduction of lot sizes 6 Implementation of Group technology process 7 EXAMPLES FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF JIT 7 Toyota 7 Dell 7 Harley Davidson 8 SMED 8 Goal of SMED 8 Set-Up Conversion Matrix: 12 MRP/KANBAN 13 REFERENCES 14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY We begin by talking about JIT and give an introduction about the concept so that all may come to terms with the basics of the same. Next we move on to the elements involved in JIT and briefly describe them one by one. Next we begin talking about the goals, benefits, and limitations of the same, giving way to the philosophy and techniques of JIT. We continue our report with the implementation steps and examples of JIT in real world scenario. Moving on to two problems that we identified where JIT was successfully implemented and tools were used to resolve those- SMED and MRP/Kanban. We see here in the first problem that how SMED tool was used to reduce the set-up time of a plant to incorporate JIT and in the second problem we see how a combination of MRP and Kanban cards was used to incorporate JIT in the firm. JIT INTRODUCTION Just in Time (JIT) is described as anShow MoreRelatedExecutive Summary : Operations Management2358 Words   |  10 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Operations Management is the process of producing and delivering product and service of an organization by managing its resources effectively. All product or service is the result of operating (input-transformation-output) process. Operations are process that take a set of input resources (material, machinery, information, and customer) which are used to transform something, or are transformed themselves, into outputs of products and service. And although all operations confirm toRead MoreInformation Technology Systems Primary Responsibility1198 Words   |  5 Pagesnetwork and communications operations. Although, they specialize in a particular field, they combine experiences and resources to support the IT department. The functional areas support the IT department which in turns support the organization’s mission, vision, and goals. Mission: Planning, managing, synchronizing, and directing the Information Technology system communication operations with the application of Information Technology functional areas to execute flawless operations in support of the organization’sRead MoreArticle Summary And Critique Of Intranets Can Mitigate Business Risks By James Robertson1072 Words   |  5 Pages Article Summary and Critique Charisa Garbo California Intercontinental University Introduction Information system management and practices have been a key driver to the success of many businesses in the 21st century (McNurlin, Sprague, Bui, 2004). Companies are aware of this fact, and the management of such enterprises have been in the forefront in embracing improved information system management and practices (Sousa Oz, 2015). The following paper discusses an article titled â€Å"IntranetsRead MoreBusiness Plan For Lululemon Athletica Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesAthletica (Slogan or catchy phrase) The business plan is intended solely for informational purposes to assist you with a due-diligence investigation of this project. The information contained herein is believed to be reliable, but the management team makes no representations or warranties with respect to this information. The financial projects that are part of this plan represent estimates based on extensive research and on assumptions considered reasonable, but they are of course, notRead MoreEssay about ECON 511WS1 Project Description 1658 Words   |  3 Pages(CFO, CTO, CIO, and CEO). Your task will be to evaluate the trade policies and economic variables that have a verifiable impact on the company’s global operations. It is important that you evaluate tactical and strategic components of the organization and make appropriate economic predictions and recommendations based on its current operations and your predictions. Your overall evaluation and analysis of variables that are impacting the organization will be presented to the officers of the organizationRead MoreCase Analysis : Prison Supplies Inc 1151 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary Objective †¢ To conduct preliminary due diligence on UniCal Prison Supplies, Inc to determine if the providing debt financing to the company has meaningful profit potential. Background †¢ UniCal Prison Supplies Inc. is a 25-year-old wholesale distribution company that specializes in business-to-government (B2G) procurement services. †¢ The company is experiencing cash flow problems and has not achieved profitability for the past five years. Management is seeking a $2 MillionRead MoreBusiness Plan-Example Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages-0773892174 Fax-0338937268 Table of Contents 1.Executive Summary 2 1.1Objectives 1.2 Mission 2.Company summary 3 2.1 Company ownership 3.Start-up summary 3 4. Products and Services 4 5. Market Analysis Summary 4 5.1 Market Segmentation 5.2 Target Market Segment Strategy 6. Strategy and Implementation Summary 5 6.1 Competitive Edge 6.2 Marketing Strategy 6.3 Sales Strategy 6.4 Sales Forecast 7. Management Summary 6 8. Financial Plan 6 8.1 Important Assumptions 8.2 Break-evenRead MorePrince2829 Words   |  4 Pages | Note: This document is only valid on the day it was printed Revision History Date of next revision: |Revision Date |Previous Revision |Summary of Changes |Changes Marked| | |Date | | | | | Read MoreLittlefield923 Words   |  4 Pagesanother DSS product. The new product is manufactured using the same process as the product in the assignment â€Å"Capacity Management at Littlefield Technologies† — neither the process sequence nor the process time distributions at each tool have changed. The LT factory began production by investing most of its cash into capacity and inventory. Specifically, on day 0, the factory began operations with three stuffers, two testers, and one tuner, and a raw materials inventory of 9600 kits. This left the factoryRead MoreAnnual Report. Kroger Co.802 Words   |  4 Pagesdistribution costs, facility occupancy and operational costs, and overhead expenses. The retail operations, which represent over 99% of Kroger’s consolidated sales and EBITDA, are there only reportable segment. The main sections of the annual report include the following: Kroger’s 2011 Annual Report begins by stating the Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting. This states that the management is responsible for preparing financial statements and that the financial statements were prepared

Analyzing CS Lewis We Have No Right to Happiness and...

1. In We have no Right to Happiness CS. Lewis claims that the right to happiness is chiefly claimed for the sexual impulse. Because Nora in Ibsens A Dolls House does not leave Torvald for another man, the principles upon which C.L. Lewis bases his essay are moot and do not apply. Lewis exhibits a disturbing amount of gender bias, sexism, and stereotyped assumption in his essay, but he might indeed understand that Torvald has emotionally and psychologically abused his wife throughout their marriage. At the same time, Lewis presents himself as a traditionalist. His conservative social values are self-admitted when he accuses his friend Clare of being leftist in her politics. Towards the end of We Have no Right to Happiness, Lewis lets his misogynist flag fly when he claims that women need domestic happiness more than men, and that men have an obligation to keep their marriage vows because of this. The author also states that the quality by which they most easily hold a man, their beauty, decreases every year after they have come to maturity, a clear admittance that womens primary value to men is their beauty. Thus, Lewis would sympathize well with Torvald and Torvalds upkeep of a pristine little dolls house, or bird cage both metaphors fit for Ibsens play. Lewis would therefore chastise Nora for leaving her husband, because to do so violates her sacred marriage vows. She would be cast as the villain by Lewis equally as much as Torvald. Lewis would

Analysis Of Solomon Northup s 12 Years A Slave - 1525 Words

Written by Solomon Northup and published in 1853, 12 Years a Slave is an autobiography describing the horrible experiences that Solomon himself faced, within a span of twelve years, after having been kidnapped as a free man, beaten, and sold into slavery. As a tribute to Northup s powerful memoir, in 2013 a film was created, also called 12 Years a Slave, which served to retell Northup s story through the power of cinematic effects, actors, and cameras. However, even though the movie is based entirely on Northup s memoir, in does not serve to accurately portray every factual and historical detail that appears within the novel. Details such as the number of children Northup had, the characteristics of the people he came across, to the severity of white treatments towards slaves, all seemed to have been looked over in the making of the movie. This inattention to detail can confuse or upset those who have read the novel, whilst on the other hand will falsely portray the time period, as w ell as Northup s heart-wrenching experience, to those who have not previously read the novel. In the beginning of his memoir, Solomon clearly states that he only wished to â€Å"give a candid and truthful statement of facts: to repeat the story of [his] life, without exaggeration† (Northup 1), however, the film based upon the novel does not appear to stay true to Solomons wishes. In fact, the film appears to have completely looked over crucial events which served to lay the foundation of NorthupShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Solomon Northup s 12 Years A Slave Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesSolomon Northup, in his autobiography 12 Years A Slave, uses religious language to depict the horrendous nature of institutional slavery and slaveholders. In specific, the primary use of religious language in Northup’s autobiography is to express his and many other slaves’ sufferings and subjugation, to present the biblical justification adopted by slaveholders to mistreat their slaves, and to convey the significance of religion to him and the African American slaves; therefore, religious languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Years A Slave 1429 Words   |  6 PagesIn 12 Years A Slave (2013), directed by Steve McQueen, the audience is provided with an understanding of characters, place and main character’s experience through mise-en-scene and cinematography. 12 Years a Slave surrounds a black man named Solomon Northup, who was sold into slavery in the 1850’s. It is a graphic retelling of a slave’s existence in Louisiana. The specific sequence used for analysis is one where Northup attempts to escape, but stumbles upon a lynching ritual. By use of cinematographyRead MoreAnalysis Of Solomon Northup s Twelve Years A Slave 1840 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Retold by Solomon Northup (and edited by David Wilson), Twelve Years A Slave is a memoir and slave narrative that captured the author s incredible story- he was a free black man from New York who was kidnapped and sold to the Southern of the United States as a subject to slavery from 1841 to 1853 before being rescued by the efforts of his family and friends. Using detailed imagery to recounted Northup s arduous experience as a slave, the book eloquently exposed important controversiesRead More12 Years a Slave and Fruitvale Station Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesorder for justice to be truthful. Through analysis of present day motion pictures that stem from American history such as â€Å"12 Years A Slave† and â€Å"Fruitvale Station† reveals some of the legal and ethical concerns that are prominent today can be revealed: Historically law has been altered but the integrity of the law still remains in question. Literature Review Let’s start with some of the issues that were brought about in the film â€Å"12 Years A Slave†. After viewing the movie twice, not only didRead MoreTechnological Advancements And Its Impact On The Modern World1092 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancements may signal a new model for entertainment where anybody who wants to can have a say, the sad truth is that this mindstate is far from the truth. While industry new circuits may herald the renaissance of small directors making it big, a analysis of these directors will come across strikingly uniform. An overwhelming majority of these filmmakers are straight white men, which has been the industry norm in Hollywood since it’s inception of the film industry. In a way smaller bunch hanging outRead MoreBefore President Lincoln Issued The Emancipation Proclamation,1920 Words   |  8 PagesLincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, claiming a human being as property was the norm—slavery was completely acceptable. A s portrayed in the film 12 Years A Slave, main character Solomon Northup, a free black man from upstate New York, is abducted and sold into slavery. Throughout his twelve year, heartbreaking, journey as a slave, Solomon is stripped of his name, beaten, overworked, belittled, and dehumanized. Taking a sociological view of Solomon’s experiences, can lead to a different perspective

Compass Employee Career Management Form for Human Resource...

Compass Employee Career Management Form pg. 1 Compass Employee Career Management Form Evelyn Porter Indiana Wesleyan University Human Resource Management Facilitator: Debra Lewis Date: October 9, 2012, I have read and understand the plagiarism policy as outlined in the syllabus and the sections in the Student Bulletin relating to the IWU Honesty/Cheating Policy. By affixing this statement to the title page of my paper, I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing this assignment. If it is found that cheating, plagiarism or both did take place in the writing of this paper, I understand the possible consequences of the act/s, which could include expulsion from Indiana†¦show more content†¦Politics can be dirty like when organizations use employees by refusing to apply guidelines and practices or concealing instructions for employees. Instead of hiding from politics, employees should focus on being political savvy, when it comes to politics. This practice can be helpful to encourage employees to be mindful and not fearful of political roles or actions. A political savvy employee will offer to join others in board meetings. This employee w ill focus their time on getting involved in professional networks. This can have a positive effect and encourage others to get involved. This also helps others feel connected in the workplace. Compass Employee Career Management Form pg. 3 Assessment and feedback are important to employers and employees when used wisely. Achievement appraisals can contribute to employees that aim high to achieve job goals. It can also lift the confidence of employees by this bonus and appreciation system. Employees will strive to do their best to receive the added benefits. If the employee is not performing well then some advice for the employer and feedback for the employee can help the employee to increase performance. Systematic Development is a reflection of how employees are improving over time to learn new skills and move in to higher positions when their career goals changes. Has your career goals changed over time? Will you like to be doing the same job 4 to 5 years from now? Focus onShow MoreRelatedSamsung Electronics4359 Words   |  18 PagesPhilosophy 9 NEW VISION 9 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 9 Vision and Mission 10 HRD Philosophy 10 JOB ANALYSIS 11 RECRUITMENT 11 Recruitment tools 11 Newspapers: 11 Online Recruitment (e-cruitment): 11 Educational Institutes: 12 E-mails: 12 4/5 Grade Recruitment 12 Selection process 12 Application Form 12 Document Screening 13 SSAT 13 Interview 13 Physical examination 14 Join Samsung 14 3 Grade Recruitment 14 Person with career and doctorate possessors 14 Read MoreHrm Training and Development15736 Words   |  63 PagesNATURE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT In simple terms, training and development refers to the imparting of specific skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee. A formal definition of training development is†¦ it is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. The need for training development is determined by the employee’sRead MoreAramark Analysis8473 Words   |  34 PagesStrategic Position of: ARAMARK CORPORATION Matriculation Numbers: 1216049 - 1216050 - 1216079 - 1216123 - 1216127 Robert Gordon University – Business Hotel Management School BA Hotel and Hospitality Management BS 3190 Strategic Planning and Change Management in the Hotel Hospitality Industry Module Coordinator: Mrs. Elda Eicher Submission: 30 November 2012 Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagestextbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalizeRead MoreLeadership Comparison and Critique Essay3860 Words   |  16 Pagesemployees that goes beyond the PepsiCo organization. One time the nanny for Nooyi’s children locked the car keys inside the car. Nooyi was not at the office, Peggy Moore, an associate, answered the phone and told the head of human resources about the situation. The head of human resources went to Nooyi’s house and helped the nanny unlock the car. (Murray, 2004) Indra Nooyi has been able incorporate an appropriate amount of personal life within the position of PepsiCo. Nooyi comes across as relatable andRead MoreThe Five Tasks Of Strategic Management3978 Words   |  16 PagesStrickland and Gamble (2005: 17) define the five tasks of strategic management as follows: 1.Developing a strategic vision of where the company needs to go and what its future product-customer-market-technology focus should be. 2.Setting the objectives as standards for measuring the company s performance and evolution 3.Crafting a strategy to achieve the desired outcomes and move the company along the strategic course that management has employed. 4.Implementing and executing the chosen strategy efficientlyRead MoreStarbucks - Corporate Strategy4629 Words   |  19 PagesCorporate Strategy Table of Contents Question 1 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Howard Schultz s performance in the five tasks of strategic management 3 1.2.1 Developing a strategic vision 3 1.2.2 Setting the objectives as standards for measuring the company s performance and evolution 5 1.2.3 Crafting a strategy to achieve the desired outcomes 6 1.2.4 Implementing and executing the chosen strategy efficiently and effectively 6 1.2.5 Monitoring developments and initiating corrective adjustmentsRead MoreImportance of Recruitment and Selection8450 Words   |  34 Pagesof the world as regards its population not for its area of land. It has almost 14 crore people. So the main thrust could be given on the development and management of human resources. In the country some large medium sized and a large number of business and industrial organization have been established and a significant number of human resources are employed in the organizations. Though more than 70% of its total population is still involved in cultivation of land, but no remarkable attempt has beenRead MoreMotivation in Nestle6683 Words   |  27 PagesÃŽ » Explanation to the Sources of Information 6 ÃŽ » Explanation to the Methods used for the Investigation 6 ÃŽ » Statement of the Criteria 7 II. Plan 8 ÃŽ » Timescales for Conducting the Investigation and the Identification of the Resources 8 Stage 2—Developing 10 I. Executive Summary 11 II. Introduction 12 III. Statement of facts 12 1. The Vision of Nestlà © S.A. 12 2. The Mission of Nestlà © S.A. 13 3. The Objective of Nestlà © S.A. 13 4. External EnvironmentRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 PagesIOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM) ISSN: 2278-487X Volume 3, Issue 5 (Sep,-Oct. 2012), PP 01-06 www.iosrjournals.org From Performance Appraisal to Performance Management 1 Ms. Leena Toppo, 2Dr. (Mrs.) Twinkle Prusty 1,2 (Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, INDIA) ABSTRACT: Performance appraisal and performance management were one of the emerging issues since last decade. Many organizations have shifted from employee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s

Play Review the Imaginary Invalid Free Essays

Upon entering the theater, my initial reactions were all positive as I took in the scene, my eyes shifting around the surroundings. The theater was a little smoky and mysterious looking; there were interesting props on the stage (like a candle chandelier, a chrome walker, and a contraption of various sized bottles containing florescent yellow and red liquid with tubes attached throughout) that I found stimulating to look at and wonder about. When the lights went down and the play began, I was excited to see what purpose was behind the smoky environment and the curious props. We will write a custom essay sample on Play Review: the Imaginary Invalid or any similar topic only for you Order Now Up to the end of the production, that excitement (accompanied by times of surprise and empathy) was sustained because of the comical nature of the play. The opening scene with the dark bodies and illuminated faces was a little confusing. I was not sure how having the actors lurking around the stage and audience, with creepy, tingly music and sounds being played in the meantime, related to the play. Besides this scene, though, the plot and structure of the play was made clear due to the comprehensibility of the dialogue and the ease at which the plot could be followed. Many of the scenes aroused the audience to some form of response, more often laughter than others, but surprise and empathy were prominent as well. In the first scene that Argan, a hypochondriac (the imaginary invalid), was introduced, there was a plethora of giggles and grins from the audience as he sorted through his doctor’s bills and spoke of enemas. In the scenes with Angelique, Argan’s daughter, empathy was felt for her while she struggled to be with her love, Cleante. Many of the scenes had shocking or surprising elements, but the most shocking of all was when Argan’s doctor came to visit him after hearing the news that Argan was not abiding to his prescriptions. The scene was outrageous; the doctor’s speech was very loud and exaggerated, as was his wardrobe, and there was an added element of absurdity with saliva spewing this way and that out of the doctor’s mouth as he shouted at Argan. Because the play was filled with scenes of this nature and because most of the play was a little outrageous, it was effective in arousing audience response and captivating my interest throughout the performance. In order to successfully express emotions and ideas, the actors used body movements, voice, and facial expressions wonderfully. A perfect example of one actor utilizing all three would be the character of Thomas Diafoirus. Just out of schooling to become a doctor, Thomas reflects a goofy, savage-like facial expression. He is presented to the audience like an animal also through his slouching and savage-like mannerisms, not to mention the fact that his father would crack a whip on him at any given hint of misbehavior. Thomas is not at all a man who Angelique wants to marry, and so this idea is taken to the next level by making his character obviously repulsing to the audience. As exaggerated as they may have been, and as ridiculous as some might have seemed, body movement, voice, and facial expressions were expertly put to use throughout the performance. The design of the set and the costumes worked great with all the other elements of the production. Many people were heard describing the costumes as sort of â€Å"Rocky Horror†, due to the white, highly made up faces and gothic style clothing. While this was not proper dress for the period in which the play was written, it did still work well with the play and was not seemingly out of place. The characters of Argan, Angelique, Louison, Beralde, and Cleante were not in this gothic style apparel, but instead were in period dress. This was an excellent way of showing the difference between characters. The stage was set strategically with Argan’s bed directly in the middle, a great way to show that the play circled around his â€Å"illness† and being in bed most of the time. The props I mentioned at the beginning (the candle chandelier, the chrome walker, and the contraption of bottles containing liquid and tubes) were dangling about the actors on rope. This was a clever way of decorating Argan’s room with symbols of his hypochondria. The costumes worn and the design of the set worked well together in setting an appropriate mood and style for the production. Overall, I really liked this play and thought that the production was done very well. I enjoyed most of all the comedic elements of the play, it was good to laugh and sit through something that was not in a serious tone. I especially thought it a treat to see the audience around me enjoying the performance as much as I was. How to cite Play Review: the Imaginary Invalid, Papers

Psychological Predictor of Cosmetic Surgery-Samples for Students

Question: What are the current developments in the field of cosmetic surgery? What are the psychological factors surrounding cosmetic surgery? Answer: Introduction: The number of people cosmetic surgery has increased significantly in the past ten years. This trend is mainly seen due to the concept of physical attractiveness and its role in society today (Furnham Levitas 2012, pp.47-50). The latest trend towards going for cosmetic surgery for physical attractiveness might also be because of the development of less invasive procedures other than invasive procedures. The expense in cosmetic surgery has increased and based on the figures obtained from invasive and surgical cosmetic procedures done in US in 2014, it can be said that it resulted in a expense of about $12.9 billion (Milothridis et al. 2016, p. 397). This figure clearly reflects changes in attitude of people to achieve satisfaction in life. Today, cosmetic surgery is mostly concern with self-esteem concept particularly for youth. Seeing this interest in cosmetic surgery, it is evident that psychological factors have a great impact choice for cosmetic surgery as well as outcome associat ed with it. There is a need to explore in-depth regarding the roles of these two factors behind the rise in surgery. Although past research literature focused on identifying role of media behind higher preference for cosmetic surgery, however the psychology behind such interest is left to be explored. Research question and aim The main aim of this literature review is to analyze recent development in the field of cosmetic surgery and find out the psychological factors surrounding cosmetic surgery. The main research question for the literature review is as follows: What are the current developments in the field of cosmetic surgery? What are the psychological factors surrounding cosmetic surgery? Method: As the main aim of the literature review is to investigate about recent advancement in the field of cosmetic surgery and psychological factors related to cosmetic surgery, relevant and recent research article related to the topic has been taken from databases like Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Pubmed The key search terms used for the search included advancement in cosmetic surgery methods, psychology behind cosmetic surgery and factors influencing motivation for cosmetic surgery. The main inclusion criteria for taking articles were as follows: Articles must be published within 2010 to 2017 The articles must be published in English It should cover details only on cosmetic surgery and no other types of surgery. The final articles obtained for literature review was analyzed on the basis of thematic analysis to get answer to the research question. Literature review: Current development in the field of cosmetic surgery: The review of research literature reveals that although many non-invasive procedures like botox and filler options are available to patient, however high rate of satisfaction and distress after surgery has also become a common phenomenon. This has been found to be highly linked with psychological factors and traits of an individual. For instance, Di Mattei et al., (2015) showed that in case of patient having body image and its related disorder before the operations are most likely to be dissatisfied with the outcome of operation. Hence, this study gave the implication that careful assessment of patients regarding psychological health disorder might help to plan treatment and care for patients and improve their outcome. Wimalawansa, Fox Johnson, (2014, pp. 306-316) also supported the fact that mental health diagnoses also increase the outpatient cosmetic surgery burden due to complications in patient. By review of inpatient databases, the study was successful in proving that mental h ealth conditions increases the stay in hospital, hence pre-operative assessment may help to address mental health issues before proceeding with the procedure. However, the limitation found in this evidence is that it gives idea about the role of mental health problem on cosmetic surgery outcomes. However, there are many psychosocial factors too that motivate people to go for such surgeries. Hence, investigating about the psychological factors surrounding cosmetic surgery is crucial to understand the reason for high rate of cosmetic surgery. Social norm and personality trait as a factor behind interest in cosmetic surgery The research by Milothridis et al. (2016, p. 397) gave the insight regarding the psychosocial perspective of people who wish to have a cosmetic surgery done. The researcher used systematic review method to find out psychosocial reasons for people deciding to modify their physical appearance through cosmetic surgery. Firstly, epidemiological factor particularly influence of gender was found as more number of women were found to favor cosmetic surgery compared to men. In addition, alcohol consumption and education were found as predictor for interest in plastic surgery (Slevec Tiggemann 2010, pp.65-74). Review of many studies also gave idea about the impact of social network on youths favor for cosmetic surgery. It showed that preference for cosmetic surgery was higher for unmarried women and being connected with someone who have already undergone cosmetic surgery. These results did not discussed about psychological factors predicting interest for cosmetic surgery. However, the section on body image and self-esteem clearly gave idea about psychological traits behind choosing plastic surgery. The discussion revealed that people who are highly conscious about their body image are more likely to go for cosmetic surgery. In addition, level of self-esteem, inner attitude, emotions and disposition affected the decision to go for cosmetic surgery. This is also consistent with the research by Furnham Levitas (2012, pp.47-50) as it explained the people with low self-esteem will to have cosmetic alterations to boost their self-confidence. The strength of Milothridis et al. (2016, p. 397)) wo rk is that it established links between social norms and cosmetic surgery. However, it has not explored in-depth regarding the psychosocial characteristics of people going for cosmetic surgery which is the main objective of the literature review. Hence, extensive research on psychological characteristics is needed. Involvement in bullying as a psychological predictor of cosmetic surgery In response to the topic of psychological factors influencing interest in cosmetic surgery, the research literature by Lee et al. (2017, pp. 1109-1118) is considered a useful piece of evidence as it investigated about the role of adolescent bullying as a key factor predicting peoples interest in cosmetic surgery. Adolescent who were bullied in schools and colleges have poor psychological functioning and they regard cosmetic surgery as a source to reduce their psychological distress and modify perceived flaws that resulted in past history of bullying. The researcher used two-stage study design to first screen participants for bullying experience and then, collect data related to their preference for cosmetic surgery. The psychological functions that were assessed in the subjects included self-esteem and emotional problem in the first stage of research and body-esteem score in the second stage. The result convincingly proved that youths involves in bullying were significantly intereste d in cosmetic surgery compared to other adolescents. The study finding is also consistent with another study which showed that bullies have increased desire to increase their attractiveness and social status. Hence, going for cosmetic surgery is high in such group (Lee et al. 2017, p. 38). The strength of the study is that it clearly stated the reason behind increased rate of cosmetic surgery by the argument of poor psychological functioning in victimized adults. This evidence is useful to screen candidates coming for cosmetic surgery and identify psychological vulnerability in people. Impact of psychosocial factor on cosmetic surgery consideration: The study by Nerini, Matera Stefanile (2014, pp. 461-466) was based on the background evidence that percentage of people undergoing cosmetic procedure has increased from 2000 to 2012 resulting in an increased in rate by 98% in US. This influenced the establish links between attitude towards cosmetic surgery and impact of socio-cultural influences. The importance of this research article was that apart from media influence, it also explored peer and family influence on choosing cosmetic surgery. The results of the study proved that social comparisons in society often mediate womens desire to go for cosmetic surgery. Women internalized the idea of physical attractiveness by being involved in regular conversation with friends about appearance (Nerini, Matera Stefanile 2014, pp. 461-466). Hence, peer influence and their importance of weight and shape for success resulted in interest for cosmetic surgery. Hence, this study gave a useful insight that friends can also influence the psycho logy of women going as their conversations related to appearance evoke the interest in cosmetic surgery. The strength of the evidence for the literature review is that it clearly explains attitude towards cosmetic surgery by means of socio-cultural influence and psychological process surrounding it. However, some limitation of this study is that it has not considered those factors that might have influenced study outcome. Hence, in future, researchers must also collect details about personality and social anxiety in participants and analyze the impact of these factors on attitude towards cosmetic surgery. The limitations found in above research was addressed by Pavan et al. (2017, pp. 90-97) as it investigated about both psychological traits in post-bariatric patient asking for body contouring surgery. Many patients go for bariatric surgery as they are not satisfied with their physical appearance and this affects their social and work life too. Hence, investigating about psychological traits in patient is critical to prevents unsatisfactory result in surgery. Pavan et al. (2017, pp. 90-97) used survey questionnaire to identify and categorize patients on the basis of diagnosis. The study showed presence of several psychological traits in patient such anxiety disorder, previous history of depression, impulsivity and binging disorder. With this result, the study was successful in explaining about reasons for poor outcome in patient post surgery. The strength of this study is that through the result finding it gave idea about the need for professional collaboration between surgeon and psy chologist to reduce negative outcome post surgery. Influence of psychological factors on cosmetic surgery journey: The main aim of this literature review to find out psychological links surrounding cosmetic surgery. Paraskeva, N Clarke, A Rumsey (2014, pp. 28-32) mainly discussed about the need for routine psychological screening of cosmetic surgery patients and with this discussion, it gave idea about not just psychological factors influencing choice for cosmetic surgery but also on its journey. The researcher emphasized that pre-operative psychological screening is important for surgeons and psychologist as it will help to identify patients with poor post-operative outcome. Apart from the influence of psychological factors on choice for cosmetic surgery, the research gave information regarding the role of psychological factors on entire cosmetic surgery. It may have an impact on patients satisfaction with the surgery. Hence, it can be said that psychological factor is one of the reason behind increased risk of poor outcome in client. Unrealistic expectations associated with surgery results in post-operative distress and distraction in many patients (Klassen et al., 2016, pp. 1068-1078). In addition, inappropriate motivation and underlying psychological disorder also increased the likelihood of poor outcome post surgery. The strength of the evidence is understood as it clarified regarding the impact of psychological factors on poor outcome of patient. There is a need to explore in-depth regarding psychological vulnerability of patient as this research did not conducted the research on vulnerable group. Wildgoose et al. (2013, pp. 152-159) also supported the above evidence by stating that pre-operative psychological assessment is necessary to improve outcome of patients related to expectation and motivation. The study mainly reviewed performance of several pre-operative assessment tool and showed that there are very tools available that has validity and utility in the screening of patients. This may lead to inappropriate elucidation of patient expectation before surgery and their satisfaction and quality of life post surgery. Hence, this research pointed to the need for improving existing screening tools by addressing validity related issue. Conclusion: The main purpose of the literature review was to explore about the psychological factors associated with cosmetic surgery. The main intention for this research objective was to understand the need for screening of cosmetic surgery patient and identify the implication of psychological factors on outcome of patient. The review of research on the topic gave rise to several themes like role of social norm, personality trait, bullying experience, education, peer influence, body image conversation and body image ideology behind the reason for such surgery. The evidences were found effective in clear understanding about the psychological factors influencing the decision to go for cosmetic surgery. However, another important strength of this literature is that it explored the impact of psychological factors both in pre-operation motivation as well as post-operation outcome. The data from this literature review will have great implication on the work of surgeons and psychiatrist as they can c ollaborate in the future to reduce the cost burden associated with complications post surgery. References American Society of Plastic Surgeon 2017, New Statistics Reflect the Changing Face of Plastic Surgery, viewed 18 December 2017, https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/new-statistics-reflect-the-changing-face-of-plastic-surgery. Di Mattei, VE Bagliacca, EP Ambrosi, A Lanfranchi, L Preis, FB Sarno, L 2015, The Impact of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery on Body Image and Psychological Well-Being: A Preliminary Study, International Journal of Psychology Behavior Analysis,2015. 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